GERD affects approximately 20% of the adult population in Western countries. The condition can lead to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain, which can severely affect daily activities and sleep. Complications from untreated GERD include esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, highlighting the need for timely and effective management. Despite its prevalence, there are notable gaps in the understanding and management of GERD among physicians.

Following the completion of this lecture, the participant will be able to:

1. Explain the underlying mechanisms that lead to gastroesophageal reflux.
2. Identify the anatomical and physiological factors contributing to GERD.
3. Describe common and atypical symptoms of GERD.
4. Review the diagnostic criteria for GERD.
5. Understand the role of diagnostic tools such as endoscopy, pH monitoring, and esophageal manometry.
6. Differentiate GERD from other conditions with similar presentations.
7. Discuss lifestyle modifications and their effectiveness in managing GERD.
8. Review pharmacological treatments, including antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors.
9. Understand the indications for surgical interventions and minimally invasive procedures.
10. Explore the impact of dietary factors on GERD symptoms.
11. Provide evidence-based dietary recommendations and lifestyle advice to patients.